charles mabtin



FEB 1l |868 PATENTED 7H MIVWM I @with mes @met @Him Letters .Patent No. 74,397, dated February 11, 186-Q MPROVEMENT IN THE REDUCTION or nsrnacronrmou ones,

dige-geizhals referat 'it 'in-thm @eine stutt-ant mutiert et tlg: sauge kro ALL wHoM 1r MAY c-QNCERN': i

Be yit knownthat I, CHARLES MARTIN, of Chancery Lane, in the countyof Middlesex, England, ha've invented certain fnlmprovcments in the Reduction of 'Refractory IronfOres, and in" the construction of furnaces to he` employed for 'such purposes and'I do hereby declare that the following is a full and; exact description thereof', referente being had to the accompanyingv'drawing,and tothe letters of reference marked thereon. The processes hithertoadoptedfor the treatment of what are vknovrn as frefractoryV iron ores, in order to eti-'ect their reduction, 'have been' slow and expensive, a large Vamount offuci and a heavy pressure of blast i havingbeen always considered essential for' s uch operations, 'whilst in the reduction vof some ores, such as, haematite or kidney ore, magnetic ore, and some others,'it hals been' usual tofacilitate the operation of smelt-i ing by the addition of orcs of an inferior quality. t i

The present invention has for its bject therreduction of such refractory ores in an unmixcd state by means of a comparatively small amount of fuel and light pressure of blast.

It is not necessary that the ore should be calcincd, and it should be reduced to fragments not exceeding a cuhic'iuch in size, and it is also preferable to reduce the fuel to pieces of the size of an egg, orthereahouts. The fluxes employed areflime and clay, which lutter substance has not hitherto been used-in its simple state as a flux in iron-smelting.i The lime shouldbe free from sulphur and phosphorus, and should he reduced -to fragments corresponding nsize to-those of' the oreunder treatment, and the clay should likewise be pure, dry, and i-mparticles. t

,t Furnaces oi' theyordinrysizes are suited to the purposes of my said invention, but I prefer that they should be of a. height 'eqiihl to four times the diameter Vot the bushes; and in constructing afurnace expressly for these proccsses,thcfdllowing proportions should lie-observed: The height should be four times the diameter v of the boshes. The 'hearth shouldibe one-third the diameter of the boshes, or rather less, inthe proportion of three to ten, and onc-fourth the diameter-in depth; the boshes at anl angle of seventy 'degrees from the hashes upwards, the inclination outwards being as one`n tty, but the upper part `may be drawn in to two-thirds the diameter, for thc convenience of thearrangement of the landing-stage, and of charging. The tnyeres should be six inches in diameter, and set about two and a half fcet"apart,a two-inch blast-pipe or tuyere being placed at the side of cach of the ordinary tuycres, and arranged diagonally tothe bottom of the hearth. f These I term the diagonal" tuyeres, and are `so placed that upon the 4blast being admitted throughthem to the molten metal, the latter is penetrated and moved inns. continuous circular direction.

Iprcfer the use of cold blast, and especial care` should be taken that no greater pressure is employed than is sutiicient to penetrate the mass of fnel,. re, and 'uxes In small furnaces, a pressure of from one to two ounces per square inch is suilicient, an vimg-reused pressure tothe amount, in some cases, of one pound per square in'ch, being used, according to the size of the furnace.` i

The furnace may be charged in the ordinary manner, and in the following o rderiand proportions Fuel,

- three'parts glime, three'parts V`ciay,lone partrandorc, nine parts. The proportions mentioned are necessarily Vapproximative only, as variationstherein may boldesrable, according to the nature of the ore, as will he Well 'untlcrstoed by practical smclters;

'The followingprecautions'sliouldb'e observed in the-managementof the furnace:` When sncient metal is in thchearth,theblast must be nearly turnedoff-'frcm the ordinarytuycrea'hut the full workingpressure sullcicnt to penetratethemassotiluidmetalmnst-be turned on tothe diagonal tuyeres. The lastmentioued tuyercs' should be soarr'anged'as to be llat'rltccf in close to the hearth, and opened when the blast is applied, if necessary. Eiiperience will vdetermine the length of `time the blastshould be-ltept on, which lwill be usually from ten to twenty minutes, according to the mass of metal to be operated upon, the eiectbeingthe consumlu tion of excess of'carbonfthus refining and making `ityery limpid. 'lhe in'got-moulds shouldfbe" loam-washed and heated to 60.0, and, whentilled, the metal therein should' be worked up and down for a minute or two by a small rod, or pressure applied, to insure solidity ;,f.o. ud the` ,iugot so produced will be ready for the rolling@ mill. It' the blast' iskeptin longer than the `time required, the metal will thicken, and subsequently gob up the furnace. Or it may be found preferable,` after/the blast has'lreen on from the Vdiagonal tuyeres s sullioient length of time, to-cle'ar-.theymctal afslag, 'orrather'to float it, to tapthen'mtal vinto a ladle, and mixed ther with o einen portion of oxide of iron in a. powdered state, Athe actionof the oxygen contained'therein being to combine with andvrcmove the excess of carbon. The metal can then be poured into the ingoia-moulds.

A Iwill now proceed to refer to the annexed ,drawingffrom .which the mode of constructing bidet-furnaces in accordance with my said' invention will he cleai'iy understood, such drawingbeng upon the senleof a. quarter of en inch to infos); A y 4 The brick-workof the fnrnace is surrounded with u .n ironoesing, m mfsh'own MLA A, the spose between 'the'oo'siiig and the'brick-windt` being filled with sand. The iifon c es'ng is supported by. columns, one' of which ie shown Aetl?n,j"i.hl1egxilowir'lg'rif the lower part of the furnace being removed and repared without interfering `with fli uppervv portion. .Olie ofvthe ordinary tuyex'es i's shown at a, and ione of the"diagonni tuyeresut'b.

Theotheparts unil form andp-'lopor'tions of thevfurnace are clearly shown by the drawing, and will be underv 'Aso'od' by peeons-aequanted'wiizh such svtructuresfwxthout special reference being made `thereto.

4Having thus described and as oertained the nature of xny said invention, and the mnner in whieh it is to f be performed, I wouldobserve, in coneiusion, thabivh'at I consider noyel and original, and therefore ciam as constituting the invention heeinbefore describe-d, 'aire-j Thinethodsof reducing refractory iron ores), andof constructing furnaces for' such'operaftions, as s ubltantially hereinbefore described and set forth, '.oimy 'more modicaigiousj thereof. I

CHARLES/MARTIN. Witnesses: l l l '12.. A. MORDAUNT YAUGHAN; 54'0hanery Lana,"

M. 'WYNN, v24 Raggi Exchange, London.. 

